利用(yong)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)能(neng)使低(di)(di)等級材(cai)料(liao)(liao)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)改性(xing)(xing)(xing),達到零件制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)低(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)與工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳組(zu)合(he)(he),具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)觀的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益和社會效益。激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)依靠材(cai)料(liao)(liao)基(ji)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)傳導進行自冷淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火,無(wu)須冷卻介(jie)質(zhi)和相關配套裝置(zhi),成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低(di)(di),且對(dui)環境(jing)無(wu)污染。激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)零件表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)硬(ying)(ying)度(du)比常規淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火硬(ying)(ying)度(du)提(ti)高(gao) 15% ~20%,硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層深度(du)通常為(wei) 0.3~0.5 mm,若采用(yong)更大功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)器,可(ke)達 1 mm。激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)影響區小,淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火應力及變(bian)形小,后(hou)續加(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量小,甚至(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)工(gong)(gong)件經激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)后(hou)可(ke)直接(jie)使用(yong)。激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)束的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量可(ke)連續調(diao)整,并且沒有(you)(you)(you)慣性(xing)(xing)(xing),配合(he)(he)數控系(xi)統,可(ke)以對(dui)形狀復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)零件和其它(ta)常規方法難以處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)零件進行局部(bu)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li),也可(ke)以在(zai)零件的(de)(de)(de)不同部(bu)位(wei)(wei)進行不同的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。正(zheng)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)上述特點,它(ta)特別適用(yong)于(yu)常規硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(如滲碳和碳氮共滲淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火、氮化(hua)(hua)(hua)及高(gao)中(zhong)頻感應加(jia)熱(re)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火等)所(suo)難于(yu)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)某(mou)些(xie)零件及其局部(bu)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)強化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li),因(yin)(yin)此(ci)在(zai)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)獨特優勢:可(ke)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)低(di)(di)檔(dang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)或鑄鐵替代高(gao)檔(dang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang);用(yong)國產(chan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang)替代進口模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鋼(gang);可(ke)對(dui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)實行增強性(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)復(fu)(再制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)) ,降低(di)(di)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。在(zai)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)應用(yong)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu),可(ke)以集設計、材(cai)料(liao)(liao)選擇、制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)、檢驗、修(xiu)復(fu)等技(ji)術(shu)于(yu)一體(ti),大幅度(du)縮短設計制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)周期(qi),降低(di)(di)生產(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben),變(bian)革模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)方式,最(zui)終(zhong)整合(he)(he)提(ti)升整個模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產(chan)業水平。這些(xie)優點無(wu)論在(zai)技(ji)術(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)還(huan)是在(zai)經濟性(xing)(xing)(xing)及服務(wu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)上,都是現(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)傳統技(ji)術(shu)所(suo)無(wu)法比擬的(de)(de)(de)。
例如,SC6350 微車縱(zong)梁前段(duan)厚(hou)板(ban)材拉(la)(la)延模(mo)以往一(yi)直是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) Cr12MoV 材料(liao)(liao)制造(zao)(zao),由 12 個鑲(xiang)塊(kuai)組(zu)合而成,由于(yu)鑲(xiang)塊(kuai)制造(zao)(zao)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)淬(cui)火變形較大,需(xu)要進行二(er)次加工,因(yin)鑲(xiang)塊(kuai)“接縫”的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,使(shi)(shi)該模(mo)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高、周(zhou)期長,零件(jian)易出現“拉(la)(la)燒”的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象,一(yi)直無法(fa)解決(jue)。對(dui)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)表面(mian)(mian)進行激(ji)光淬(cui)火處(chu)理(li),由原 Cr12MoV 等材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 12 個鑲(xiang)塊(kuai)改用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)球墨鑄鐵(tie) QT600-2 整體鑄造(zao)(zao)成型,對(dui)型面(mian)(mian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)光強(qiang)化(hua)處(chu)理(li),其硬度(du)達 58~62HRC,淬(cui)火后(hou)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)無變形,只(zhi)需(xu)對(dui)表面(mian)(mian)稍(shao)作打磨,即可投入使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。與原制造(zao)(zao)工藝相比,模(mo)具(ju)(ju)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)光處(chu)理(li)后(hou),材料(liao)(liao)節約(yue) 40%~60%,加工工時(shi)(shi)和刀具(ju)(ju)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)降低(di) 30%,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命大幅提高。特別值得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),厚(hou)板(ban)材拉(la)(la)延模(mo)使(shi)(shi)零件(jian)“拉(la)(la)燒”的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術難(nan)題,在(zai)國際上(shang)尚無很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)辦法(fa),而采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)光表面(mian)(mian)強(qiang)化(hua)工藝處(chu)理(li),就有效解決(jue)了這個技術難(nan)題,提高了沖壓件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)質量(liang)和尺寸精(jing)度(du),達到厚(hou)板(ban)材拉(la)(la)延模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要求,使(shi)(shi)得模(mo)具(ju)(ju)設計上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)(liao)選擇更加廣(guang)泛(fan)。
又如,微車覆(fu)蓋沖(chong)壓件原(yuan)使用灰口鑄鐵(tie) HT300,硬(ying)度(du)(du)僅有 28~32 HRC。模(mo)具(ju)使用時只(zhi)沖(chong)壓幾(ji)(ji)十件甚至幾(ji)(ji)件工件就需進(jin)行修模(mo),嚴重(zhong)影響加工進(jin)度(du)(du)并增加勞動強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)。經激(ji)光(guang)對(dui)模(mo)具(ju)型面進(jin)行淬火強(qiang)(qiang)化處理后(hou),硬(ying)度(du)(du)可(ke)達58 HRC 以上,大(da)大(da)提高了模(mo)具(ju)的使用壽(shou)命,實(shi)驗表明(ming),連續(xu)沖(chong)壓 5000 個沖(chong)次后(hou),無(wu)須“油(you)光(guang)”仍可(ke)繼續(xu)沖(chong)壓。
