超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器作為一種大功率的(de)(de)儲能(neng)器件，具(ju)有原理與結構簡單(dan)、安全可(ke)靠、適(shi)用范圍廣(guang)、功率密度(du)大、充放電(dian)速度(du)快、充放電(dian)循環壽命長、工(gong)作溫度(du)范圍寬、環保無污染等優點，被認為是(shi)能(neng)量儲存領域的(de)(de)一項革命性(xing)(xing)發展(zhan)。超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)電(dian)極(ji)材料是(shi)超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好壞的(de)(de)決定性(xing)(xing)因(yin)素，直接關系(xi)到超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)比電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量、能(neng)量密度(du)、功率密度(du)等性(xing)(xing)能(neng)參數。作為超(chao)級(ji)(ji)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)電(dian)極(ji)材料必須滿足一系(xi)列要求：

　　(1)有較大的比表面積。
　　(2)在超級電容器使用條件下要有足夠高的化學穩定性和充放電重復循環能力，從而保證超級電容器的使用壽命。
　　(3)在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)中具有優良的浸潤(run)性，與電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)和集流(liu)體有較小的接觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)減小超級電(dian)(dian)容器的電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)阻抗。

　　石墨(mo)烯是(shi)由sp2雜化(hua)的(de)碳原子(zi)緊密(mi)(mi)排列而成的(de)蜂窩狀的(de)晶體結構，具有良好(hao)(hao)的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)和大的(de)比(bi)表面(mian)積(理論比(bi)表面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)(wei)2360m2/g)，因此成為(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)前研究最為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣泛的(de)一種超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)材料(liao)。據(ju)報道，把氧化(hua)石墨(mo)烯片層(ceng)噴(pen)墨(mo)打印在Ti箔(bo)集(ji)流(liu)體上，在N2環(huan)境下200°C熱(re)還原得到(dao)(dao)噴(pen)墨(mo)打印石墨(mo)烯，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)材料(liao)，以1mol/L硫(liu)酸溶液(ye)(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)，可(ke)獲得48至132F/g的(de)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，循(xun)環(huan)穩定性(xing)良好(hao)(hao)。采用(yong)模(mo)板法，如(ru)(ru)以聚(ju)苯乙烯微球為(wei)(wei)(wei)模(mo)板，可(ke)制(zhi)備出直徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)300nm的(de)中空(kong)石墨(mo)烯球。這種特殊結構更(geng)容(rong)易吸收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)離(li)子(zi)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)材料(liao)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5A/g時，比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)(dao)273F/g；即使在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)10A/g時比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)也達到(dao)(dao)197F/g，且在此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)下循(xun)環(huan)5000次(ci)，比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保持率為(wei)(wei)(wei)95%。如(ru)(ru)以具有褶皺且團聚(ju)的(de)三維介孔結構（孔徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幾(ji)十納米(mi)）的(de)石墨(mo)烯作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)材料(liao)，則可(ke)表現出更(geng)好(hao)(hao)的(de)超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，在堿性(xing)水系電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)中比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)(dao)341F/g，能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)(mi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)16.2Wh/kg，循(xun)環(huan)1000次(ci)以后容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保持率為(wei)(wei)(wei)96%；在有機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)中能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)密(mi)(mi)度(du)可(ke)達52.5Wh/kg，容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)保持率為(wei)(wei)(wei)96%。

　　將石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)與過渡金屬(shu)氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)或導(dao)電(dian)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)進行二元(yuan)(yuan)或三元(yuan)(yuan)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)，如石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)/聚(ju)苯胺，石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)/碳納米管/MnO2等(deng)，得到形(xing)貌各(ge)異，結構合(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。這種復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)利用(yong)了各(ge)自的(de)(de)優點同時(shi)(shi)又克服(fu)各(ge)自的(de)(de)缺(que)點，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)性能(neng)(neng)和(he)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)理平衡，并且具(ju)有單(dan)一電(dian)極(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)所不具(ju)備的(de)(de)優良性能(neng)(neng)，發揮材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)協同效(xiao)應。例如，將石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)作(zuo)為支撐(cheng)骨(gu)架(jia)，與金屬(shu)氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)或導(dao)電(dian)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)進行復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)，形(xing)成(cheng)多維結構的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。導(dao)電(dian)性優異的(de)(de)石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)使金屬(shu)氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)或導(dao)電(dian)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)均勻分散(san)在其骨(gu)架(jia)中，石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)起到了有效(xiao)的(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)網絡結構的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，增強了材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)性，克服(fu)了導(dao)電(dian)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)或金屬(shu)氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)循環(huan)壽命短、可逆性差等(deng)缺(que)點；而(er)金屬(shu)氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)或導(dao)電(dian)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)物(wu)顆粒(li)可以防止(zhi)石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)片層之間(jian)的(de)(de)完(wan)全接觸團聚(ju)，從(cong)而(er)防止(zhi)石墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)比(bi)表(biao)面(mian)積(ji)下降，同時(shi)(shi)也為它(ta)們提供了較高的(de)(de)贗電(dian)容(rong)來提高復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)電(dian)極(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)比(bi)電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)和(he)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)密(mi)度。